Columbia University

Columbia University is a clandestine, Ivy League, research university situated in Upper Manhattan, New York City. Initially, it was founded as King’s College in 1754 by royal charter of George II of Great Britain. Columbia is the oldest college resided in New York State. It is also the fifth licensed institute for higher education in the country that makes it one of nine royal colleges established before the Declaration of Independence.  In 1784, King’s college is renamed as Columbia College after the American Revolutionary War. However, the college was placed under a private board of trustees in 1787 after obtaining licence and again renamed as Columbia University.  Columbia is the one of the fourteen founding members of the Association of American Universities. It also was the first university to grant MD Degree in the United States of America.

The university is operating twenty institutions, including Columbia College, the School of Engineering and Applied Science, and the School of General Studies. It also has worldwide research settlements in Asunción

Amman, Beijing, Istanbul, Paris, Mumbai, Nairobi, Santiago and Rio de Janeiro. It is associated with numerous other institutions near, including Barnard College, Teachers College, and Union Theological Seminary.

Columbia governs the Pulitzer Prize annually. Notable alumni and former students of Columbia University  includes five Founding Fathers of the United States, nine Justices of the United States Supreme Court,  20 living billionaires, 29 Academy Award winners and 29 heads of state, including three United States Presidents. Moreover, some 100 Nobel laureates have been affiliated with Columbia as students, faculty, or staff. Columbia lies second only to Harvard in the number of Pulitzer Prize winning alumni and former students, boasting over 100 recipients as of 2015.

Academics

Columbia University's reception rate for the class of 2020 in Columbia College and Engineering was 6.04 percent, which makes the university the third choosiest college in the United States of America by admittance rate behind Stanford and Harvard. The undergraduate program give in rate for the class of 2019 was 63.2 percent. According to college selectivity ranking by U.S. News & World Report of 2012, that features admission and give in rates among other standard, Columbia was equal with  Yale, Caltech and MIT as the most selective colleges in the nation. Columbia is an ethnically varied school, with around 52 percent of all students seeing themselves as persons of colour. Moreover, 50 percent of all undergraduates attaining the university  receive education aids from Columbia. The average aid size awarded to these students is $46,516. In 2015-2016, the annual undergraduate tuition fee at Columbia University was $50,526 with a total cost of attendance of $65,860 (including room and board).

Columbia University has announced a $400m to $600m aid on April 11, 2007 financed by media billionaire alumnus John Kluge to be used for undergraduate financial aid completely. The donation is the largest single donation to Columbia University. Its real value will varied on the ultimate value of Kluge's estate at the time of his death; though, the open-handed donation has brought ultimate change in financial aid policy at Columbia University .Columbia University has been extending generous financial donation package to talented students through the annual gifts, fund-raising, and an increase in spending from the university's donation. As of 2008, undergraduates attaining the university from families with as high as $60,000 incomes annually will have the projected cost of attending the university, including room, board, and academic fees, fully paid for by the university. Similarly, the admission committee also provides scholarships to undergraduate students. The scholars are named John W. Kluge Scholars, John Jay Scholars, C. Prescott Davis Scholars, Global Scholars, Egleston Scholars, and Science Research Fellows. 

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Indian Institute of Science (IISc)

Indian Institute of Science (IISc) is a community university for higher education and scientific research situated in Bangalore, India. Founded in 1909 with the support from H.H. Sir Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV, the Maharaja of Mysore and Jamsetji Tata . It is also called "Tata Institute" locally. In 1958, it gained “Deemed University” status. IISc is generally considered as India's premium institution of science. It has been ranked 11^th and 18^th globally considering the criteria of Faculty credentials in 2014 and 2015 respectively. IISc was the first Indian educational institute to mark on Times Higher Education World University Rankings at 99th position in engineering and technology category in the year 2015-16. IISc has been ranked number 1 and 4 in the BRICS and Asian region correspondingly while taking into account the criteria of Papers per Faculty in 2015. IISc has been ranked 6th position in the research criteria by the Times Higher Education Rankings for the BRICS & Emerging Economies Rankings 2016. IISc has been ranked 20 globally in the Global Employability University Ranking 2015 rankings.  IISc has made major contribution to advanced computing, life sciences, nuclear technologies and space.

History

In 1893, after a fortuitous meeting between Jamsedji N. Tata and Swami Vivekananda on a ship, where they talked about Tata's preparation of bringing the steel industry to India. Amazed by Vivekananda's visions on science and leadership talent,  Tata wrote to Vivekananda five years afterwards wanting him to guide his campaign on  “Research Institute of Science for India”

Vivekananda sanctioned the project with gusto and Tata with the intention to advance the scientific potentialities of the country, formed a interim Committee to arrange a plan for development of an Institute of higher education and research. In 31 December 1898, the committee submitted a draft proposal to Lord Curzon . After then, Prof. Sir William Ramsay, a Nobel Laureate recommended Bangalore as the best site for establishment of the Institute of higher education and research.

The charter of the Institute was permitted by the Lord Minto,  Viceroy and the essential Vesting Command to allow it to operate was signed on 27 May 1909. In 1911, foundation stone of the Institute was laid by the Maharaja of Mysore . The first batch of students was admitted in the Departments of General and Applied Chemistry under Norman Rudolf and Electro-Technology under Alferd Hay on 24 July. The Department of Organic Chemistry was opened in next two months.

In 1909 at the beginning of IISc, Morris Travers, Sir William Ramsay's became its first Director who was also a co-worker in the discovery of the noble gases. Nobel Laureate Sir C.V. Raman was the first Indian Director of the institution. The current Director is Anurag Kumar.

The Institute was the first in India to introduce Engineering, Masters Programmes. It was also first in incorporating  Ph.D. programmes in Biological, Chemical, Physical and Mathematical Sciences for science graduates.

Admissions

Admission into IISc is extremely competitive. Generally, just 0.01 percent of top candidates succeeding the GATE examination are able to clear the cut-offs for ME/M.Tech admissions. The cut- offs can get much higher based on the department and the number of students. Admission for research programmes of  Ph.D and M.Sc (Engg), is founded on career scrutiny and possible manifold rounds of practical interviews in the campus. Candidates are called upon interviews based on the entrance test of the Institute or GATE or any other test accepted by the Institution that also depends on the choice of department and specialisation. For course of ME and M.Tech., admission is taken through the GATE examination carried out every year. For Master of Science, the admission is taken through the GATE.  

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World University Rankings 2015-2016

    The World University Rankings 2015-2016 list the best global universities and are the only international university performance tables to judge world class universities across all of their core missions -  Academic Reputation, Employer Reputation, Student-To-Faculty Ratio, Citations Per Faculty, International Faculty Ratio, International Student Ratio and international outlook.

    The top universities rankings employ  standardized performance indicators to provide the most broad and balanced comparisons available, which are trusted by students, academics, university leaders, industry and governments. This year's ranking includes 800 universities from 70 different countries, compared with the 400 universities from 41 countries in last year's table.     

    Our list of the best global universities rankings include many performance indicators directly relevant to students and their families, to help them chose where to study, including faculty-student ratios, the university’s global reputation, its total resources, the international mix on campus, and its links to business. But a reason why the rankings are so widely respected is that they cover the full range of a university’s missions, including research excellence. Sources: Various International Educational Websites

No. 1 — Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

No. 2 — Harvard University

No. 3 (tie)— University of Cambridge

No. 3 (tie) — Stanford University

No. 5 — California Institute of Technology (Caltech)

No. 6 — University of Oxford

No. 7 — UCL (University College London)

No. 8 — Imperial College London

No. 9 — ETH Zurich-Swiss Federal Institute of Technology

No. 10 — University of Chicago

No. 11 — Princeton University

No. 12 — National University of Singapore (NUS)

No. 13 — Nanyong Technological University, Singapore (NTU)

No. 14 — Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)

No. 15 —Yale University

No. 16 — Johns Hokins University

No. 17 — Cornell University

No. 18 —University of Pennsylvania

No. 19(tie) — King’s College London

No. 19(tie) — The Australian National University

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University of Washington (Washington, UW or U-Dub)

   The University of Washington, generally called Washington, UW, or casually U-Dub, is a community research university founded in Seattle, Washington, United States. Established in 1861, Washington that is regarded as one of the best medical schools in the world is one of the oldest universities at the West Coast.

    The university has 3 campuses: the prime and biggest is in the University District of Seattle and other two in Tacoma and in Bothell. The operating expenses and research budget of the university for FY 2014–15 is expected to be $6.4 billion. The university occupies more than 500 buildings covering 20 million total square foot of space, together with the University of Washington Plaza, consisting of the 325-foot UW Tower and conference center.

    Washington is affiliate to the Association of American Universities. The research budget of the university is among the highest in the United States. The university participates in the NCAA Division in athletics.

History

    The University of Washington was officially launched on November 4, 1861, as Territorial University of Washington. The next year, the governing body passed articles legitimately including the University and instituting a Board of Regents. Initially, the school struggled and closed several times due to various reasons. Nevertheless, in 1876,  a student, Clara Antoinette McCarty Wilt became the earliest graduate of the university with a bachelor's degree in science. Both the University and Seattle had developed significantly when Washington entered the Union in 1889. Since then, enrollment had grown from an early 30 students to nearly 300, and the virtual seclusion of the campus had mend way to influencing development. A particular legislative committee headed by UW graduate Edmond Meany was formed to find a new campus that will be able to habitat the increasing population of students. The committee chose a site on Union Bay northeast of downtown, and the legislature allocated finance for its acquirement and immediate construction.

    In 1895, the university moved from downtown to the new building. In 1908, the main Territorial University building was destroyed and its previous location presently houses the Fairmont Olympic Hotel. Coordinators of the 1909 Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition observed the mostly emergent campus as a major location for their world's fair. The 1960s and 1970s are considered as the "golden age" of the university due to the incredible increase in students, services, operating budget and reputation under the management of Charles Odegaard . Enrollment at the university increased by t by two folds—from approximately 16,000 to 34,000. Odegaard settled up a vision of structuring a "community of scholars" and influenced the state of Washington legislatures to raise their funds towards the university. Moreover, Washington senators, Henry M. Jackson and Warren G. Magnuson used their political power to channel federal research assessment to the University of Washington and until the day, the university is among the top receivers of national research finances in the United States. In 1958, the outcome incorporated an operating budget enhancement of $37 million, to over $400 million in 1973. In 1990, the University established two new campuses in Bothell and Tacoma . Originally, these campuses presented curriculum for students looking for bachelor degree who have previously finished two years of higher education, but both schools have conversion to four-year universities, compliant with the first class in the fall of 2006. Both campuses put forward master's degree programs as well. In 2009 the University launched an administrative center in the Spanish city of León in alliance with the local university.

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University of Oslo

    The University of Oslo, earlier known as Royal Frederick University, is the ageist, biggest and most prominent university in Norway, situated in the Norwegian capital of Oslo. The university is generally renowned as one of Northern Europe's most esteemed universities. The university has about 27,700 students and employs about 6,000 people. Its faculties comprise Theology (Norway's state religion since 1536), Medicine, Law, Mathematics, social sciences, Humanities, natural sciences, Education and Dentistry. The university's inventive neoclassical college ground is positioned in the center of Oslo; it is presently engaged by the Faculty of Law. The university was established in 1811 and was reconstructed following the University of Copenhagen and the newly established University of Berlin. It was initially named after King Frederick VI of Denmark and Norway, and renamed in 1939. The university is casually called Universitetet, sole university in Norway until 1946 and was normally referred to as "The Royal Frederick's" preceding to the name change. The University of Oslo is credited for five Nobel Prize winners. The Nobel Peace Prize was honored from 1947 to 1989, making it the single university in the world to be implicated in awarding a Nobel Prize. 

History

    In 1811, it was decided to launch the foremost university in the Dano-Norwegian Union, following a successful operation which resulted in an accord with King Fredrik VI. Fredrick approved to establish an organization that he had previously supposed might persuade political-separatist propensities. In 1813, The Royal Fredrik's University was established in Christiania, a petite city at that time. Status then altered dramatically one year into the beginning of the university, as Norway asserted independence and accepted its own constitution. After World War I, investigate among Norwegian researchers brought in two Nobel prizes. The Nobel Prize in Economics was awarded to Ragnar Frisch. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Odd Hassel. In the ground of linguistics, numerous Norwegian researchers famed themselves globally. Student enrollment increased in twofold between 1911 and 1940, and students were recruited more from expansive geographical, gender and social basis. However, working class was still mostly left at the rear.

    Following WWII, Civil System made finances accessible to students whose families were incapable to afford financial support; the State Educational Loan Fund for Young Students was founded in 1947. As a outcome, the post-war years witnessed raise in student numbers. Numerous of these students had not been capable to start their studies or had their studies discontinued because of the war, could now enroll. By 1968, innovatory political thoughts had taken root in intense among university students. The "Student Uprising" converted history of universities all through the western world. Frequently, the attitude for students in the 1960s was austere. Most of them came from non-academic milieus and had few role models. The "University of the Masses" was not capable to elevate all its students to the "superior, privileged positions" enjoyed by earlier generations of academics. The main fundamental modification in the student population was the increasing fraction of women students. All through the 1970s, the number of women enlarged until it made up the greater part of students. Simultaneously the university became a centre for the planned women's liberation movement, which appeared in the 1970s. Until the millennium, the number of students enrolled at the university boosted dramatically. In 1992, UiO executed a limitation on admissions for all of its faculties for the foremost time. A large part of the clarification for the high student numbers was reflected to be found in the meager job market.

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ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich)

    ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich) is a combined university teaching engineering, science, technology, mathematics and management in the city of Zürich, Switzerland. Like its sister organisation EPFL, it is an central part of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain (ETH Domain) which is directly subsidiary to Switzerland's Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research. ETH Zurich is constantly ranked among the top universities in the world. It is presently ranked as 5th best university of the world in engineering, science and technology, following Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, Cambridge University and National University of Singapore in the QS World University Rankings.

    Institute has recorded twenty-one Nobel Prizes awards given to students or professors in the past.  Among them, the most famous was Albert Einstein in 1921 with the Nobel Prize in Physics, along with Niels Bohr who was awarded the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physics. They were both awarded for their work dealing with quantum physics. The institute is a founding member of the IDEA League and the International Alliance of Research Universities (IARU) and a member of the CESAER network. The school was established by the Swiss Federal Government in 1854 with the affirmed mission to train engineers and scientists, serve as a state-run center of excellence in science and technology and offer a hub for interface between the scientific community and industry.

History

    ETH was established in 1854 by the Swiss Confederation and started giving its first lectures as a polytechnic institute in 1855. It was originally comprised of six faculties: architecture, chemistry civil engineering, forestry, mechanical engineering, and an incorporated department for the fields of literature, mathematics, natural sciences and social and political sciences. ETH is a national institute (under direct management by the Swiss government). The decision for a new national university was heavily uncertain at that time because the liberals forced for a "national university", while the conservative forces soughed all universities to continue under cantonal management. From 1905 to 1908, under the administration of Jérôme Franel, the course curriculum of ETH was reorganized to that of a real university and ETH was approved the right to honor doctorates. The first doctorates were honored, in 1909. The institute was given its current name, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) in 1911.

Admission and education

    ETH Zurich, the EPFL, and four associated research institutes combinely formed the "ETH Domain" with the ambition to collaborate on scientific projects.ETH is not selective for Swiss students in its undergraduate admission process. ETH is gratified to grant admission to every Swiss resident who took the Matura like every other public university in Switzerland. Applicants from overseas countries are mandatory to take either the compact entrance exam or the complete entrance exam though some applicants from several European countries are excused from this rule. An applicant may apply for ETH even without any certifiable educational records by passing the comprehensive entrance exam. As in all universities in Switzerland, the academic year is separated into two semesters. Examinations are held during examination sessions after next semester begins immediately. After first year of study, bachelor students must surpass a block examination of all courses taken in the first year, called the Basis examination. If the accumulated average score is not adequate, a student is obligatory to retake the entire Basis examination which generally means having to revise the whole first year. The composition of examinations in higher academic years is parallel to the Basis examination, but with a higher success rate. The standard time to reach graduation is six semesters for the Bachelor of Science degree and three or four further semesters for the Master of Science degree. The final semester is devoted to writing a thesis.

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Yonsei University

    Yonsei University is a clandestine research university in Seoul, South Korea. It is one of Korea's three "SKY" universities, considered the most esteemed in the country, along with the other associates being Seoul National University and Korea University. Yonsei was founded in 1885 and is one of the aged universities in South Korea. The student organization consists of 38,725 students under which 26,731 are undergraduate students, 11,994 are graduate students. There are 4,518  faculty members, 6,788 staff and 257,931 alumni. Today, Yonsei functions its main campus in Seoul and has widespread programs in Korean and English.

History

    The university was previously founded in January, 1957 through the union of Severance Union Medical College and Yonhi College. This was as a result of a continued bilateral cooperation between the colleges that started in the 1920s. The educational institutions were new to Korea at the time of their commencement. Yonhi College was one of the foremost modern colleges, established originally as Chosun Christian College in March 1915. Separation has its roots in the first modern medical center in Korea, Gwanghyewon, established in April, 1885. As a honor, the name 'Yonsei' was derived from the first syllables of the names of its two parent educational institutions,   "Yon" from Yonhi College and 'Sei' from 'Seifrom Severance Union Medical College. The Yonsei University Medical School dated April 10, 1885, when the earliest modern hospital to carry out western medicine in Korea, Gwanghyewon, was founded.

    The hospital was established by Horace Newton Allen, the American protestant disciple selected to Korea by the Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A.  The hospital was renamed Jeijungwon (House of Universal Helpfulness) on April 26. As difficulties appeared there, the Church allotted Oliver R. Avison to run Jejungwon on July 16, 1893. at first, Gwanghyewon was sponsored by the Korean government, while the medical staff was given by the Church. However, by 1894 when the First Sino-Japanese War and Gabo reforms took place, the government was unable to provide its financial support and thus, administration of Jejungwon came fully under the Church. In 1899, Avison went back to the U.S. and attended a conference of missionaries in New York where he detailed on the medical project in Korea. Louis Severance, a businessman and philanthropist from Cleveland, Ohio, was there and deeply stimulated. He later financed for the most of the portion of the construction cost of new buildings for the medical facility. Jejungwon was renamed Severance Hospital on his behalf.

    In 1957, Severance Medical College and Hospital and Yonhi University combined to form Yonsei University.

Academics Reputation 

    Yonsei is one of Korea's three "SKY" universities. These are the most prominent in the country, Seoul National University and Korea University being the other members. Admission is extremely aggressive. Inside Korea, admission to a SKY university is widely considered as determining one's career and social status.

World rankings

    In 2012, Yonsei University was graded 112th on the whole, 81st in Arts and Humanities, 12th in Modern Languages and 69th in Management and Social Sciences in the world by QS World University Rankings. The 2009 Academic Ranking of World Universities placed Yonsei University at the 23–42 range in Asia/Pacific region and 3rd in South Korea. Yonsei was graded 96th in the world according to an SCI paper circulated in 2007. Yonsei is one of the four Korean universities graded in all 3 ARWU World University Ranking, QS World University Rankings, and The Times World University Ranking in 2010-13, along with Seoul National University, KAIST, and POSTECH . Yonsei University was graded 16th in Asia in 2012 and continues to rise quickly in global rank: 112 in the world in 2012; 129 in 2011; 142 in 2010; 151 in 2009; 203 in 2008; and ranked globally 236 in 2007 by QS World University Rankings. Yonsei was graded the 1st Korean university to be in the Economist '​s 2011 Top 100 Full-time MBAs (#76); US News, 2011 World's Best Universities: Asia #18; and UK Financial Times '​ 2011 Top 100 EMBA (#57). Yonsei University was ranked to 36th in  "The world's most pioneering university" by Reuters,  which was announced in September 2015.

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