Princeton University

   Princeton University is a clandestine Ivy League research university in Princeton, New Jersey, United States. Established in 1746 in Elizabeth as the College of New Jersey, Princeton was the fourth licensed institution of higher education in the Thirteen Colonies and thus one of the nine Colonial Colleges founded before the American Revolution. The institution shifted to Newark in 1747, then to the existing site nine years later, where it was renamed as Princeton University in 1896. Princeton offers undergraduate and graduate instruction in the social sciences, humanities, natural sciences, and engineering. It provides professional degrees throughout the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, the School of Architecture, the School of Engineering and Applied Science, and the Blenheim Center for Finance. The University has secures with the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton Theological Seminary, and the Westminster Choir College of Rider University. Princeton has the largest donation per student in the United States.

    The University has graduated many well known alumni. It has been allied with 41 Nobel laureates,, the most Abel Prize winners, 17 National Medal of Science winners and Fields Medalists of any university (four and eight, respectively five) National Humanities Medal recipients,  ten Turing Award laureates, 209 Rhodes Scholars, and 126 Marshall Scholars. Two U.S. Presidents, 12 U.S. Supreme Court Justices (3 of whom currently provide service on the court), and abundant living billionaires and foreign heads of state are all counted among Princeton's alumni. Princeton has also graduated many well-known members of the U.S. Congress and the U.S. Cabinet, including eight Secretaries of State, three Secretaries of Defense, and two of the past four Chairs of the Federal Reserve. It is constantly ranked as one of the top universities in the world.

History

    New Light Presbyterians was established the College of New Jersey in 1746 in order to train ministers. The college was the academic and religious capital of Scots-Irish America. In 1754, trustees of the College of New Jersey recommended that, in gratitude of Governor's interest, Princeton should be renamed as Belcher College. Gov. Jonathan Belcher stated: "What a hell of name that would be!" In 1756, the college shifted to Princeton, New Jersey. Its habitat in Princeton was Nassau Hall, named after the royal House of Orange-Nassau of William III of England. After the sudden  deaths of Princeton's first five presidents, in 1768  John Witherspoon became president and continued in that office until his death in 1794. During his presidency, Witherspoon altered the college's focus from preparing ministers to preparing a new generation for leadership in the new American nation. To end this, he stiffened academic standards and implored investment in the college. Witherspoon's presidency made up a long period of firmness for the college, interrupted by the American Revolution and particularly the Battle of Princeton, during which British soldiers temporarily occupied Nassau Hall; American forces, led by George Washington, ablaze cannon on the building to hubbub them from it.

    James McCosh took office as the college's president in 1868 and uplifted the institution out of a low period that had been brought by the American Civil War. During his two decades of service, he renovated the curriculum, oversaw development of inquiry into the sciences, and managed the addition of a number of buildings in the High Victorian Gothic style to the campus. McCosh Hall is named in his honor. In 1933, Albert Einstein became a lifetime member at the Institute for Advanced Study dedicated with an office on the Princeton campus. While always sovereign of the university, the Institute for Advanced Study occupied offices in Jones Hall for 6 years, from its inauguration in 1933, until their own college was finished and opened in 1939. This helped start an incorrect notion that it was part of the university, one that has never been completely eliminated.