ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich)

    ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich) is a combined university teaching engineering, science, technology, mathematics and management in the city of Zürich, Switzerland. Like its sister organisation EPFL, it is an central part of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain (ETH Domain) which is directly subsidiary to Switzerland's Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research. ETH Zurich is constantly ranked among the top universities in the world. It is presently ranked as 5th best university of the world in engineering, science and technology, following Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, Cambridge University and National University of Singapore in the QS World University Rankings.

    Institute has recorded twenty-one Nobel Prizes awards given to students or professors in the past.  Among them, the most famous was Albert Einstein in 1921 with the Nobel Prize in Physics, along with Niels Bohr who was awarded the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physics. They were both awarded for their work dealing with quantum physics. The institute is a founding member of the IDEA League and the International Alliance of Research Universities (IARU) and a member of the CESAER network. The school was established by the Swiss Federal Government in 1854 with the affirmed mission to train engineers and scientists, serve as a state-run center of excellence in science and technology and offer a hub for interface between the scientific community and industry.

History

    ETH was established in 1854 by the Swiss Confederation and started giving its first lectures as a polytechnic institute in 1855. It was originally comprised of six faculties: architecture, chemistry civil engineering, forestry, mechanical engineering, and an incorporated department for the fields of literature, mathematics, natural sciences and social and political sciences. ETH is a national institute (under direct management by the Swiss government). The decision for a new national university was heavily uncertain at that time because the liberals forced for a "national university", while the conservative forces soughed all universities to continue under cantonal management. From 1905 to 1908, under the administration of Jérôme Franel, the course curriculum of ETH was reorganized to that of a real university and ETH was approved the right to honor doctorates. The first doctorates were honored, in 1909. The institute was given its current name, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) in 1911.

Admission and education

    ETH Zurich, the EPFL, and four associated research institutes combinely formed the "ETH Domain" with the ambition to collaborate on scientific projects.ETH is not selective for Swiss students in its undergraduate admission process. ETH is gratified to grant admission to every Swiss resident who took the Matura like every other public university in Switzerland. Applicants from overseas countries are mandatory to take either the compact entrance exam or the complete entrance exam though some applicants from several European countries are excused from this rule. An applicant may apply for ETH even without any certifiable educational records by passing the comprehensive entrance exam. As in all universities in Switzerland, the academic year is separated into two semesters. Examinations are held during examination sessions after next semester begins immediately. After first year of study, bachelor students must surpass a block examination of all courses taken in the first year, called the Basis examination. If the accumulated average score is not adequate, a student is obligatory to retake the entire Basis examination which generally means having to revise the whole first year. The composition of examinations in higher academic years is parallel to the Basis examination, but with a higher success rate. The standard time to reach graduation is six semesters for the Bachelor of Science degree and three or four further semesters for the Master of Science degree. The final semester is devoted to writing a thesis.

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Yonsei University

    Yonsei University is a clandestine research university in Seoul, South Korea. It is one of Korea's three "SKY" universities, considered the most esteemed in the country, along with the other associates being Seoul National University and Korea University. Yonsei was founded in 1885 and is one of the aged universities in South Korea. The student organization consists of 38,725 students under which 26,731 are undergraduate students, 11,994 are graduate students. There are 4,518  faculty members, 6,788 staff and 257,931 alumni. Today, Yonsei functions its main campus in Seoul and has widespread programs in Korean and English.

History

    The university was previously founded in January, 1957 through the union of Severance Union Medical College and Yonhi College. This was as a result of a continued bilateral cooperation between the colleges that started in the 1920s. The educational institutions were new to Korea at the time of their commencement. Yonhi College was one of the foremost modern colleges, established originally as Chosun Christian College in March 1915. Separation has its roots in the first modern medical center in Korea, Gwanghyewon, established in April, 1885. As a honor, the name 'Yonsei' was derived from the first syllables of the names of its two parent educational institutions,   "Yon" from Yonhi College and 'Sei' from 'Seifrom Severance Union Medical College. The Yonsei University Medical School dated April 10, 1885, when the earliest modern hospital to carry out western medicine in Korea, Gwanghyewon, was founded.

    The hospital was established by Horace Newton Allen, the American protestant disciple selected to Korea by the Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A.  The hospital was renamed Jeijungwon (House of Universal Helpfulness) on April 26. As difficulties appeared there, the Church allotted Oliver R. Avison to run Jejungwon on July 16, 1893. at first, Gwanghyewon was sponsored by the Korean government, while the medical staff was given by the Church. However, by 1894 when the First Sino-Japanese War and Gabo reforms took place, the government was unable to provide its financial support and thus, administration of Jejungwon came fully under the Church. In 1899, Avison went back to the U.S. and attended a conference of missionaries in New York where he detailed on the medical project in Korea. Louis Severance, a businessman and philanthropist from Cleveland, Ohio, was there and deeply stimulated. He later financed for the most of the portion of the construction cost of new buildings for the medical facility. Jejungwon was renamed Severance Hospital on his behalf.

    In 1957, Severance Medical College and Hospital and Yonhi University combined to form Yonsei University.

Academics Reputation 

    Yonsei is one of Korea's three "SKY" universities. These are the most prominent in the country, Seoul National University and Korea University being the other members. Admission is extremely aggressive. Inside Korea, admission to a SKY university is widely considered as determining one's career and social status.

World rankings

    In 2012, Yonsei University was graded 112th on the whole, 81st in Arts and Humanities, 12th in Modern Languages and 69th in Management and Social Sciences in the world by QS World University Rankings. The 2009 Academic Ranking of World Universities placed Yonsei University at the 23–42 range in Asia/Pacific region and 3rd in South Korea. Yonsei was graded 96th in the world according to an SCI paper circulated in 2007. Yonsei is one of the four Korean universities graded in all 3 ARWU World University Ranking, QS World University Rankings, and The Times World University Ranking in 2010-13, along with Seoul National University, KAIST, and POSTECH . Yonsei University was graded 16th in Asia in 2012 and continues to rise quickly in global rank: 112 in the world in 2012; 129 in 2011; 142 in 2010; 151 in 2009; 203 in 2008; and ranked globally 236 in 2007 by QS World University Rankings. Yonsei was graded the 1st Korean university to be in the Economist '​s 2011 Top 100 Full-time MBAs (#76); US News, 2011 World's Best Universities: Asia #18; and UK Financial Times '​ 2011 Top 100 EMBA (#57). Yonsei University was ranked to 36th in  "The world's most pioneering university" by Reuters,  which was announced in September 2015.

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Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology is a community research university in Clear Water Bay Peninsula, Hong Kong. Founded in 1991, it is the region's youngest higher learning organization with no precursory subsistence.

The university includes four disciplinary schools, which provide degrees in business and management, engineering, science, and humanities and social science, along with the Interdisciplinary Programs Office, which offers cross-disciplinary programs, and Fok Ying Tung Graduate School/Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, which encourages technology transfer and commercialization. HKUST has been regularly seen as one of the top three higher education organization in Hong Kong.

History

Founded in 1991 under Chapter 1141 of the Laws of Hong Kong (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology regulation), HKUST is one of the eight legislative universities in Hong Kong.  In the late 1980s the Hong Kong Government predicted a strong demand for university graduates to stimulate an economy increasingly based on services. Sir Chung Sze Yuen and the then Governor of Hong Kong, Sir Edward Youde visualized the idea of another university in addition to the pre-existing two universities HKU and CUHK.  Preparation for the "3^rd University", named The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology began in 1986. On the Clear Water Bay Peninsula, construction took place at the Kohima Camp site in Tai Po Tsai. The site was assigned for the construction of a new British Army barracks, but plans for the construction of the barracks were canceled after the Sino- British Joint Declaration was signed in 1984.

Primarily planned to end in 1994, the death of Sir Edward in 1986 led to increased endeavor and permitted UST to open its doors early – in 1991. Quite a few leading scientists and researchers took top positions at the new university in its early years, including physicist  Leroy Chang who came in 1993 as Dean of Science and became Vice-President for Academic Affairs.  Thomas E. Stelson was also a founding member of the management. The venture was condemned for exceeding the budget set forth by the Hong Kong Government and the royal Hong Kong Jockey Club. However, under the fund-raising efforts of its President, Woo Chia-wei, the first students enrolled in October 1991. By 1992, housing and athletic facilities were extended to support about 7,000 students. Several more development projects such as the construction of the Hong Kong Jockey Club Enterprise Centre have been completed since then.  The library extension building Lo Ka Chung Building South Bus Station, Lee Shau Kee Business Building (LSK), Cheng Yu Tung Building (CYT), the Conference Lodge and Undergraduate Halls VIII and IX are the latest add-ons to the campus.

Campus

The university is located at the northern part of Clear Water Bay Peninsulain Sai Kung District, new Territories, Hong Kong, reside in a 60-hectare site overlooking Port Shelter in Tai Po Tsai. Apart from the educational complexes, the campus also possess student halls of residence, indoor and outdoor athletics facilities, the University Center, staff quarters and the President's chalet, making use of the sloped landscape to divide the campus for different uses.

 Reputation and rankings

HKUST had been formerly graded Asia's No.1 by the independent regional QS University Rankings: Asia for three straight years from 2011 to 2013. It's one of the fastest growing institutions as graded #1 and #4 by QS world's under 50 universities and Times 100 under 50 universities respectively in 2014. The THE's World Reputation Rankings of 2015 considered it the second reputable in the territory, while it was third in the HKU Public Opinion Program survey (2012). According to Global Employability University Ranking 2015, the University's graduates have the most employment rate among Greater China, ranked 14th globally.

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University of Tokyo

The University of Tokyo shortened as Todai, is a research university situated in Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan. The university has 10 faculties with overall of around 30,000 students among them 2,100 are foreign students. Its 5 college grounds are in Hongo, Komaba, Kashiwa Shirokane and Nakano. It is the initial of Japan's National Seven Universities. It is graded as the top in Asia and 21st in the world according to the Academic Ranking of World Universities 2015. The University of Tokyo is broadly believed to be the most prominent university in Japan.

History

The university was licensed by the Meiji government in 1877 under its present name by combining older government schools for medicine and Western learning. In 1886, it was renamed "the Imperial University, and in 1897, Tokyo Imperial when the Imperial University system was formed. In 1923September, an earthquake and the following fires demolished about 700,000 volumes of the Imperial University Library. The books lost comprise the Hoshino Library a compilation of about 10,000 books. The books were the ex- property of HOshino Hisashi before becoming part of the library of the university and were majorly about Chinese philosophy and history.In 1947, after Japan's conquer in World War II; it re-presumed its original name. With the start of the new university system in 1949, Todai gulp downed up the ex-First Higher School (present's Komaba campus) and the ex Tokyo Higher School, which therefore presumed the duty of teaching first- and second-year undergraduates, while third- and fourth-year students  were taken care by the faculties on Hongo main. Eventhough the university was founded during the Meiji period; it has prior roots in the Astronomy Agency in 1684, Shoheizaka Study in 1797, and the Western Books Translation Agency in 1811. These organisations were government offices founded by Tokugawa shogunate (1603–1867), and played an major role in the importation and conversion of books from Europe.

KIkuchi Dairoku, an significant figure in Japanese education, served as head of Tokyo Imperial University. For the 1964 Summer Olympics, the university organized the running section of the modern pentathlon event. On 2012 January20, Todai proclaimed that it would move the beginning of its educational year from April to September to ally its calendar with the international standard. The modification would be phased in over five years. According to the Japan Times, in February 2012, the university had 1,282 professors, of them, 58 were women. In the fall of 2012 and for the first time, the University of Tokyo initiated two undergraduate programs completely taught in English and stuffed toward international students — Programs in English at Komaba (PEAK) — the International Program on Japan in East Asia and the International Program on Environmental Sciences. 

Organization

Faculties

• Agriculture
• Arts and Sciences
• Economics
• Education
• Engineering
• Law
• Letters
• Medicine
• Pharmaceutical Sciences
• Science

Graduate schools

• Agricultural and Life Sciences
• Arts and Sciences
• Economics
• Education
• Engineering
• Frontier Sciences
• Humanities and Sociology
• Information Science and Technology
• Interdisciplinary Information Studies
• Law and Politics
• Mathematical Science
• Medicine
• Pharmaceutical Sciences
• Public Policy
• Science

Research institutes

• Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute
• Earthquake Research Institute
• Historiographical Institute
• Institute for Cosmic Ray Research
• Institute for Solid State Physics
• Institute of Industrial Science
• Institute of Medical Science
• Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences
• Institute of Oriental Culture
• Institute of Social Science
• Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology

    The University's School of Science and the Earthquake Research Institute are both represented on the national Coordinating Committee for Earthquake Prediction. 

Ranking

In 2012, Academic Ranking of World Universities graded the University of Tokyo 1st in Asia and 20th in the world.  In 2013,Times Higher Education World University Rankings graded the University of Tokyo 27th in the world and in 20131st in the Asia University ranking. Times Higher Education World University Rankings graded the institution 23rd in the world in 2015. QS World University Rankings in 2011 graded the University of Tokyo 25th in the world (in 2010 Times Higher Education World University Rankings and QS World University Rankings parted ways to produce separate rankings). In the 2011 QS Asian University Rankings, which uses a different methodology, the University of Tokyo came 4^th. Global University Ranking graded the University of Tokyo 3rd in the world and 1st in Asia. Human Resources and Labor Review, a human competitiveness index & analysis published in Chasecareer Network, graded the university 21st internationally and 1st in Asia in 2010. Mines Paris Tech: Professional Ranking World Universities graded the University of Tokyo 2nd in the world on the basis of the number of alumni listed among CEOs in the 500 largest worldwide companies. Nature Publishing Index (2011) graded the University of Tokyo 5th in the world in 2011.

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